What is one of the main causes of hypertension?

Vascular resistance is a significant factor in the development of hypertension because it refers to the constriction and narrowing of blood vessels, which can impede blood flow. When blood vessels are narrow, the heart must exert more force to pump blood through them, resulting in increased pressure within the arteries. This increased workload on the heart can lead to sustained high blood pressure or hypertension over time.

Factors such as obesity, high sodium intake, and lack of physical activity can lead to increased vascular resistance, contributing to the overall condition. Engaging in regular physical activity typically has the opposite effect; it improves cardiovascular health and can actually lower blood pressure. Likewise, a low dietary sodium intake is associated with lower blood pressure, and dehydration does not directly lead to sustained hypertension; rather, it can temporarily lower blood pressure. Thus, vascular resistance is central to the pathophysiology of hypertension.