What is one effect of high glucose concentration in the blood?

High glucose concentration in the blood leads to a condition known as osmotic diuresis. This phenomenon occurs when the elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream exceed the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. As a result, glucose spills over into the urine. Since glucose is osmotically active, it draws water along with it into the renal tubules, leading to increased urine output. This process can cause a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body, resulting in dehydration and potentially further complications if not managed properly.

In context, while increased absorption of water would typically suggest retention rather than loss, the high glucose concentration causes a net loss of water due to osmotic effects. Decreased urine output contradicts the nature of osmotic diuresis, since the presence of excess osmotic substances like glucose will lead to increased urine production. Weight gain is not a direct effect of high glucose concentrations in the acute phase, as the body typically loses weight through dehydration and potential muscle breakdown when in a state of hyperglycemia.