What is a primary cause of compartment syndrome?

Compartment syndrome primarily occurs when there is an increase in pressure within a closed anatomical space, which can compromise the blood flow and tissue perfusion. A common primary cause of this condition is a traumatic injury or exertional strain to the leg. In such cases, swelling from the trauma or the accumulation of blood (hematoma) can lead to increased pressure within the fascial compartments of the leg. This rise in pressure can impair circulation and nerve function, potentially resulting in permanent damage if not addressed promptly.

Other causes, such as infections, genetic predispositions, or fractures in different locations, may contribute to the onset of compartment syndrome but are not as common or direct as trauma or strain specifically to the leg. These alternatives do not typically lead to the same acute increases in pressure that trauma can induce.