What is a potential cause of pulmonary edema?

High altitude exposure can lead to pulmonary edema, specifically a condition known as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). This occurs when an individual ascends to high altitudes too rapidly without allowing the body to acclimatize properly. At higher elevations, the reduced atmospheric pressure leads to lower oxygen levels, which can cause blood vessels in the lungs to constrict. This vasoconstriction increases the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, potentially resulting in fluid leaking into the alveoli, thereby causing pulmonary edema.

While viral infections, common colds, and allergic reactions can influence respiratory health, they are not typically direct causes of pulmonary edema. Viral infections may lead to respiratory distress but usually do not cause the same pathological fluid accumulation seen in conditions caused by altitude changes.