What genetic condition results in the production of extremely viscous mucus?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition primarily affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. The condition is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to the production of a defective protein that regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. This results in the production of thick, sticky mucus instead of the normal thin mucus.

The viscous mucus obstructs airways, leading to chronic lung infections and difficulty breathing, as it becomes difficult for the cilia in the lungs to clear it away. In addition to affecting the lungs, this thick mucus can also block pancreatic ducts, preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the intestines and leading to malnutrition.

Understanding the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis clarifies how it leads to the production of viscous mucus, distinguishing it from other respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia, which have different etiologies and do not primarily result in the production of thick mucus due to a genetic defect.