What are the two primary forms of COPD?

The two primary forms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Both conditions contribute to airway obstruction and respiratory symptoms but differ in their pathophysiological mechanisms.

Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by persistent inflammation of the bronchi, leading to increased mucus production and a chronic cough. This inflammation results in airway narrowing, which makes it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs.

Emphysema, on the other hand, involves the destruction of the alveoli, the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. This destruction reduces the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, leading to shortness of breath and decreased lung function.

Both forms of COPD are often caused by long-term exposure to irritants, with cigarette smoke being the most common. The combination of these two conditions represents the broad spectrum of COPD and underlines the importance of addressing both in terms of management and treatment. Understanding these two forms is crucial for effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in patients with COPD.